ls

ls [OPTIONS] [--] [paths]...

By default, ls will list the files and contents of any directories on the command line, expect that it will ignore files and directories whose names start with '.'.

Options

--help

Print help information

--version, -V

Print version information

--format

Set the display format.

-C

Display the files in columns.

--long, -l

Display detailed information.

-x

List entries in rows instead of in columns.

-m

List entries separated by commas.

-1

List one file per line.

-o

Long format without group information. Identical to --format=long with --no-group.

-g

Long format without owner information.

--numeric-uid-gid, -n

-l with numeric UIDs and GIDs.

--quoting-style

Set quoting style.

--literal, -N

Use literal quoting style. Equivalent to --quoting-style=literal

--escape, -b

Use escape quoting style. Equivalent to --quoting-style=escape

--quote-name, -Q

Use C quoting style. Equivalent to --quoting-style=c

--hide-control-chars, -q

Replace control characters with '?' if they are not escaped.

--show-control-chars

Show control characters 'as is' if they are not escaped.

--time=<field>

Show time in : access time (-u): atime, access, use; change time (-t): ctime, status. birth time: birth, creation;

-c

If the long listing format (e.g., -l, -o) is being used, print the status change time (the 'ctime' in the inode) instead of the modification time. When explicitly sorting by time (--sort=time or -t) or when not using a long listing format, sort according to the status change time.

-u

If the long listing format (e.g., -l, -o) is being used, print the status access time instead of the modification time. When explicitly sorting by time (--sort=time or -t) or when not using a long listing format, sort according to the access time.

--hide=<PATTERN>

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)

--ignore=<PATTERN>, -I <PATTERN>

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

--ignore-backups, -B

Ignore entries which end with ~.

--sort=<field>

Sort by : name, none (-U), time (-t), size (-S) or extension (-X)

-S

Sort by file size, largest first.

-t

Sort by modification time (the 'mtime' in the inode), newest first.

-v

Natural sort of (version) numbers in the filenames.

-X

Sort alphabetically by entry extension.

-U

Do not sort; list the files in whatever order they are stored in the directory. This is especially useful when listing very large directories, since not doing any sorting can be noticeably faster.

--dereference, -L

When showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than the link itself.

--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir

Do not dereference symlinks except when they link to directories and are given as command line arguments.

--dereference-command-line, -H

Do not dereference symlinks except when given as command line arguments.

--no-group, -G

Do not show group in long format.

--author

Show author in long format. On the supported platforms, the author always matches the file owner.

--all, -a

Do not ignore hidden files (files with names that start with '.').

--almost-all, -A

In a directory, do not ignore all file names that start with '.', only ignore '.' and '..'.

--directory, -d

Only list the names of directories, rather than listing directory contents. This will not follow symbolic links unless one of --dereference-command-line (-H), --dereference (-L), or --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir is specified.

--human-readable, -h

Print human readable file sizes (e.g. 1K 234M 56G).

--si

Print human readable file sizes using powers of 1000 instead of 1024.

--inode, -i

print the index number of each file

--reverse, -r

Reverse whatever the sorting method is e.g., list files in reverse alphabetical order, youngest first, smallest first, or whatever.

--recursive, -R

List the contents of all directories recursively.

--width=<COLS>, -w <COLS>

Assume that the terminal is COLS columns wide.

--color

Color output based on file type.

--indicator-style

Append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)

--classify, -F

Append a character to each file name indicating the file type. Also, for regular files that are executable, append '*'. The file type indicators are '/' for directories, '@' for symbolic links, '|' for FIFOs, '=' for sockets, '>' for doors, and nothing for regular files.

--file-type

Same as --classify, but do not append '*'

-p

Append / indicator to directories.

--time-style=<TIME_STYLE>

time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below

--full-time

like -l --time-style=full-iso

--context, -Z

print any security context of each file